Coriander
Scientific Names
- Coriandrum sativum L.
- Umbelliferae
- Umbel family
Common Names
- Bugbane
- Bug dill
- Cilantro
- Coriander seed
- Chinese parsley
- Dhanyaka (Sanskrit name)
- Hu-sui
- Stinking dill
- Yan-shi (Chinese name)
Parts Usually Used
Seed, leaves
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Description of Plant(s) and Culture
Coriander is a small, erect, shining annual plant; the round, finely grooved stem grows 1-2 feet high from a thin, spindle-shaped root. The leaves are pinnately decompound, the lower ones cleft and lobed, the upper finely dissected. From June to August the white to reddish flowers appear flat, compound umbels of 3-5 rays. The brownish, globose seeds have a disagreeable smell until they ripen, when they take on their spicy aroma. The seeds are hard and egg-shaped, borne in pairs which do not separate.
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Where Found
Cultivated for thousands of years and is still grown in North and South America, Europe, and the Mediterranean area. Grows as a weed, especially in eastern and southern areas of the United States. Native to Mediterranean Europe.
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Medicinal Properties
Alterative, antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, carminative, stomachic, pungent, cordial, diuretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant
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Biochemical Information
Essential oil which consists of a linalol called coriandrol (60-70%), geraniol, borneol and terpenes.
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Legends, Myths and Stories
Coriander is one of the basic ingredients in Indian curry, along with turmeric and cumin seed.
One of the most ancient herbs still in use today. Coriander is known to have been cultivated in the Egyptian gardens thousands of years before the birth of Christ. The seeds were among the funeral offerings found in Egyptian tombs. It spread early to Western civilizations; the great Greek physician Hippocrates used it in the 5th century BC.
Humans have consumed cilantro for at least 8,000 years. It was even found in the tomb of King Tutankhamen.
By the time the herb had reached the Chinese continent, it had acquired a reputation for bestowing immortality and the Chinese herbalists developed several coriander compounds to that end.
There are several Old Testament references to coriander as an herb whose fruit is similar to the mysterious food, manna, that God showered upon the Israelites during their desert trek from bondage.
It is said that in parts of South America people are so fond of coriander flavor, the seeds are put into practically all their dishes. Italians use the seed in pizzas, polentas, bologna, ground and spice meat, and sauces. East Indians love the flavor in their curries and certain native dishes.
Coriander seeds are used to flavor gin, whiskey, liqueurs, wine and brandies. An 1878 cook book advises roasting coriander seeds for culinary purposes.
The Domestic Encyclopaedia (1802) states: “coriander seeds are used in bitter infusions and preparations with senna to overcome their disagreeable tastes.”
Coriander seeds are like tiny balls, the green seeds have a disagreeable scent, but upon drying they become very fragrant.
Its generic name is derived from a Greek work, koris, that means “bug”. The ancient Pliny described coriander as “a very stinkinge herb”.
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Uses
Coriander can be applied externally for rheumatism, and painful joints. It improves the flavor of other medicinal preparations and stimulates the appetite. Used to treat diarrhea and colic, also cystitis, urticaria, rash, burns, sore throat, vomiting, indigestion, allergies, hay fever. A good stomach tonic and very strengthening to the heart. Will stop gripping caused by laxatives and expel wind from the bowels. At one time it was considered to have aphrodisiac effects. Used to flavor bread and liqueurs. Has the reputation to repel aphids.
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Formulas or Dosages
Infusion: steep 2 tsp. dried seeds in 1 cup water. Take 1 cup a day.
Powder: take 1/4 to 1/2 tsp. at a time.
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Nutrient Content
Vitamin C
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How Sold
Capsules
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Warning
It is safer to use cultivated plants, since wild plants may be mistaken for poisonous relatives.
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Resource Links
Boost Your Health with Medicinal Herb Sprouts and Microgreens
New Research Tells Why Cilantro Helps Delay Seizures
Bibliography
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