{"id":9388,"date":"2025-01-29T19:49:16","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T19:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/?page_id=9388"},"modified":"2025-05-22T17:54:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T17:54:49","slug":"king-of-bitters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/1herbs\/king-of-bitters\/","title":{"rendered":"King of Bitters"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=center>\n<h5>Contents:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"#Names\">Common Names<\/a> | <a href=\"#Parts\">Parts Usually Used<\/a> | <a href=\"#Description\">Plant(s) &amp; Culture<\/a> | <a href=\"#Where\">Where Found<\/a> | <a href=\"#Properties\">Medicinal Properties<\/a> | <a href=\"#Biochemical\">Biochemical Information<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#Uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#Dosages\">Formulas or Dosages<\/a> | <a href=\"#Sold\">How Sold<\/a> | <a href=\"#Warning\">Warning<\/a> | <a href=\"#Links\">Resource Links<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Scientific Names<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/king-of-bitters.jpg\" alt=\"King of Bitters\" align=\"right\"  style=\"width:400px;height:auto\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Andrographis paniculata<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Justicia latebrosa<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Justicia paniculata<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Justicia stricta<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a name=\"Names\">Common Names<\/a> <\/h3>\n<p><b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Green Chiretta<\/li>\n<li>Creat<\/li>\n<li>King of Bitters<\/li>\n<li>Bhunimba<\/li>\n<li>Kalmegh<\/li>\n<li>Chuan Xin Lian<\/li>\n<li>Fa-Tha-Lai-Jone<\/li>\n<li>Kariyat<\/li>\n<li>Indian Echinacea<\/li>\n<li>Roi des Amers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/b> <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a> <\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Parts\">Parts Usually Used<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The aerial parts (leaves and stems) and roots contain the medicinal compounds. The whole plant may also be used in some cases.<br \/>\n<a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Description\">Description of Plant(s) and Culture<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>An annual herbaceous plant growing 30-110 cm tall, with dark green square stems featuring longitudinal furrows and wings. Has lance-shaped hairless leaves up to 8 cm long. Produces small pink flowers in spreading racemes. The fruit is a capsule about 2 cm long containing yellow-brown seeds. Flowers from September to December. Grows best in moist, shady places and sunny locations. Seeds are sown in May-June.<br \/>\n<a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Where\">Where Found<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Native to India and Sri Lanka. Widely cultivated throughout Southern and Southeastern Asia including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, and other parts of Asia. Also found in the West Indies and Americas. Grows in various habitats including plains, hillsides, coastlines, and disturbed areas up to 500m elevation.<\/p>\n<p>Native to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India<\/li>\n<li>Sri Lanka<\/li>\n<li>Widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia<\/li>\n<li>Introduced to:\n<ul>\n<li>Northern India<\/li>\n<li>Java<\/li>\n<li>Malaysia<\/li>\n<li>Indonesia<\/li>\n<li>West Indies<\/li>\n<li>Americas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n            <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Properties\">Medicinal Properties<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/king-of-bitters-2.jpg\" alt=\"King of Bitters\" align=\"right\"  style=\"width:400px;height:auto\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Contains potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties. The plant&#8217;s bitter compounds show effectiveness against infections, fever, and liver disorders.<\/p>\n<p>Studies have demonstrated benefits for upper respiratory infections, inflammatory conditions, diabetes, liver protection, and immune system enhancement. Contains andrographolide and other bioactive compounds that exhibit anti-tumor, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antimicrobial and antibacterial<\/li>\n<li>Anti-inflammatory<\/li>\n<li>Antioxidant<\/li>\n<li>Immunostimulant<\/li>\n<li>Antiviral<\/li>\n<li>Hepatoprotective<\/li>\n<li>Blood sugar regulation<\/li>\n<li>Antipyretic<\/li>\n<li>Anti-parasitic<\/li>\n<li>Cardiovascular protection<\/li>\n<li>Anti-allergic<\/li>\n<li>Anti-cancer potential<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Biochemical\">Biochemical Information<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The main active compounds include diterpenoids (especially andrographolide), flavonoids, xanthones, and polyphenols. Andrographolide is the major bitter constituent, first isolated in 1911. Other key compounds include neoandrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, and various flavones.<\/p>\n<p>Major active compounds:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Andrographolide (primary bioactive compound)<\/li>\n<li>Dehydroandrographolide<\/li>\n<li>Neoandrographolide<\/li>\n<li>Andrographoside<\/li>\n<li>14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide<\/li>\n<li>Flavonoids<\/li>\n<li>Diterpenoids<\/li>\n<li>Polyphenols<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n                  <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Uses\">Uses<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Traditional and modern uses include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Treatment of colds, flu and upper respiratory infections<\/li>\n<li>Management of fever and inflammatory conditions<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of liver disorders<\/li>\n<li>Enhancement of immune system function<\/li>\n<li>Management of digestive issues<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of infections<\/li>\n<li>Relief of inflammation and pain<\/li>\n<li>Support for cancer therapy<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of snake bites and insect stings<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of sore throat and tonsillitis<\/li>\n<li>Management of ulcerative colitis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n                <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Dosages\">Formulas or Dosages<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Typical dosages range from 90-600mg daily for up to 12 weeks. Extracts are usually standardized to contain 2-50% andrographolide. For respiratory infections, doses of 400mg daily for 5 days have been used. Consult healthcare provider for specific dosing recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>For common cold and flu: 90-600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks<\/p>\n<p>For tonsillitis: Doses comparable to acetaminophen<\/p>\n<p>For ulcerative colitis: Daily doses for 8 weeks<\/p>\n<p>Extract standardization typically ranges from 2% to 50% andrographolide content<br \/>\n                <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Sold\">How Sold<\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Tablets<\/li>\n<li>Capsules<\/li>\n<li>Liquid extracts (tinctures)<\/li>\n<li>Dried herb preparations<\/li>\n<li>Standardized extracts<\/li>\n<li>Combination products<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n              <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Warning\">Warning<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Side effects may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Headache and fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Allergic reactions and skin rashes<\/li>\n<li>Nausea, diarrhea and vomiting<\/li>\n<li>Lymph node swelling<\/li>\n<li>Altered taste<\/li>\n<li>May interact with blood pressure, diabetes and blood-thinning medications<\/li>\n<li>Should be avoided during pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>Not recommended for people with autoimmune conditions<\/li>\n<li>Stop use 2 weeks before surgery<\/li>\n<li>May affect blood sugar levels &#8211; caution for diabetics<\/li>\n<li>May interfere with immunosuppressant drugs<\/li>\n<li>Consult healthcare provider before use, especially if taking other medications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n                <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=3 width=80% COLOR=\"#004040\" align=\"center\">\n<h3><a name=\"Links\">Resource Links<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cardiovascular-medicine\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00082\/full\" target=\"_blank\">Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine &#8211; Selected Indonesian Medicinal Plants for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Molecular Basis and Recent Studies<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/2025\/01\/29\/exploring-medicinal-plant-extracts-against-dengue-and-chikungunya-viruses\/\" target=\"_blank\">Exploring Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrographis_paniculata\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia &#8211; Andrographis paniculata<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4032030\/\" target=\"_blank\">National Library of Medicine &#8211; Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-973\/andrographis\" target=\"_blank\">WebMD &#8211; Andrographis &#8211; Uses, Side Effects, and More<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10501175\/\" target=\"_blank\">National Library of Medicine &#8211; Physiological Activities of the King of Bitters (Andrographis paniculata): A Review<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/cancer-care\/integrative-medicine\/herbs\/andrographis\" target=\"_blank\">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center &#8211; Andrographis<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/versusarthritis.org\/about-arthritis\/complementary-and-alternative-treatments\/types-of-complementary-treatments\/andrographis-paniculata\/\" target=\"_blank\">Versus Arthritis &#8211; Andrographis paniculata<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0753332219315239\" target=\"_blank\">ScienceDirect &#8211; A review for the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in the central nervous system<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cmjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1749-8546-5-17\" target=\"_blank\">BMC Part of Springer Nature &#8211; Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds in Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-973\/andrographis\" target=\"_blank\">WebMD &#8211; Andrographis &#8211; Uses, Side Effects, and More<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrographis_paniculata\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia &#8211; Andrographis paniculata<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehealthsite.com\/ayurveda\/herbs\/green-chiretta-health-benefits-uses-and-side-effects-of-kalmegh-917584\/\" target=\"_blank\">HealthSite.com &#8211; Green Chiretta: Health Benefits, Uses And Side Effects Of Kalmegh<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/org\/science\/article\/pii\/S2210315524000015\" target=\"_blank\">The Natural Products Journal &#8211; Protective Effect of Green Chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) against Methotrexate-induced Cardio and Spleen Toxicity: In-vitro and In-vivo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-624\/chirata\" target=\"_blank\">WebMD &#8211; Chirata &#8211; Uses, Side Effects, and More<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4032030\/\" target=\"_blank\">National Library of Medicine &#8211; Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-to-know-about-andrographis-supplements-potential-benefits-and-uses\" target=\"_blank\">Health<\/a><\/p>\n<p>              <a href=\"#top\"><font size=\"-1\">Back to Top<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p><center>\t<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4390707348229770\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- MHI-wide-728x90 --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     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&raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"iawp_total_views":74,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>King of Bitters - Medicinal Herb Info<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medicinalherbinfo.org\/000Herbs2016\/1herbs\/king-of-bitters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"King of Bitters - Medicinal Herb Info\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Contents: Common Names | Parts Usually Used 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